Participatory Development on Social Development

Cyl Bryan Bagadiong, International Relations, MUGSGS

On the developmental spheres, it is said that flawed premise breeds flawed model of development, thus, produces flawed explanatory constructs and flawed practices.

It is on this note that this reflective and theoretical discourse  will take off in its attempt to take a closer look at participatory development as an approach or method to implement social development initiatives which is making wave, not only in this part of the globe, but in Europe and Africa.
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DISCOURSE ON THE REGIONALIZATION IN JAPAN AND THE PHILIPPINES: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE

Cyl Bryan A. Bagadiong, JDS Fellow

 Meiji University Graduate School of Governance Studies

I.                    INTRODUCTION

Japan and the Philippines are entirely of two different worlds. The two countries do not share any common culture and history except for a brief period in 1942-1945 when the Philippines had been subjugated by Japan in World War II. In that brief interlude, both countries had been ruled in the name of one Ruler – His majesty the Emperor of Japan; and both country sports a paper money with the same emblem – the emblem of the royal family of Japan. Except for that, nothing can be said to be the same with the two countries. Even the existence of both in one geopolitical hemisphere of Asia, the Philippines did not fully assimilate the “Asian culture”. Instead, it retained the “Hispanic culture”, thus,  even highlighting more the differences of the two countries.

But today, the two countries seem to take the same path. Until recently when both of the country faces the same issue – the growing domestic demand to go one step further with each of the government’s decentralization efforts and the practical needs of government convergence. Both, at first glance, are experiencing the same demands and needs from its people. Looking both at their experiences and their choice of response to the demands of convergence and needs of decentralization is quite academically interesting. Thus, this paper will discourse a common theme which is hot on both the country’s menu of administrative reforms – regionalization.
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“Strong Republic”: An Analysis of the Philippine Political Economy in the context of Developmental State Model

Cyl Bryan A. Bagadiong, Developmental Politics, Meiji University Graduate School of Governance Studies

I.             Abstract

The present political economy of the Philippines, dubbed as “Strong Republic” and inaugurated last July 22, 2002, reinforces its being as a mixed economy. But documentary evidences show that the Developmental State Models of the Asian Miracle Economies greatly influences the present economic doctrine of the Philippines that also serves as its guiding political ideology.

However, before one can conclude that it might as well as be a developmental state model especially if viewed upon the four thematic elements that this paper came up as viewing lenses, “Strong Republic” put in the middle of its strategy the Human Development Concept that neither of the developmental states had. While five years empirical data shows that the model works, it begs to ask the question, is it sustainable?

II.           Introduction

             The Philippines is at war. Its people are in revolt and no other than but the government called for the revolution. But unlike other typical warfare, this one doesn’t involve an enemy-state but nevertheless it is geared against an enemy of the state and its people.
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Digesting Onis’ Logic of Developmental State

Cyl Bryan A. Bagadiong, Meiji University, Graduate School of Governance Studies, Tokyo Japan

  Ziya Onis remembers that in 1950s until early 1960s, STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY[1] is the prevailing sound doctrine in developmental policies. However, in late 1960s and early 1970s, this was replaced by the NEOCLASSICAL PARADIGMS[2]  which was the orthodox even prior to 1950s. On the former, State is a major player in the development while in the latter, free market must prevail. The latter attacks the former on three grounds: extensive state intervention develops inefficient industries; extensive government intervention develops large scale rent seeking; and the four East Asian Countries achieved extraordinary economic growth through a model which was characterized by market incentives and strong private sector.

In trying to explain the phenomenon of the East Asian’s economic growth,
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Japan and The Philippines Local Public Finance

Cyl Bryan Alberto Bagadiong, Local Public Finance, Meiji University Graduate School of Governance Studies

I.                    INTRODUCTION

Originally, the intent of this paper is to conduct a comparative study of Japan and The Philippines National Government Accounts for fiscal year 2007. Said purpose has the aim in view to paint a clear picture of fiscal dispositions of the two countries, hoping that these dispositions will shed light on the present priorities and fiscal policy directions of the said countries. In turn, it will, hopefully, make clear the reasons that lead the two countries to its present fiscal dispositions. In sum, the study aims to examine the responsiveness of the Fiscal Accounts of Japan and The Philippines through a preliminary study of the accounts listed in their respective expenditures and revenues for the fiscal year 2007 as supported by trends from 1990 to present.
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Poverty and Entitlements

Cyl Bryan A. Bagadiong, Meiji University Graduate School of Governance Studies

            When Sen postulated that Starvation is the characteristic of people not having enough food to eat, not there being not enough food to eat, Sen broken the usual and orthodox line of thinking regarding poverty which was prevalent at that time.

The postulation of entitlement approach in poverty and deprivation analysis put forward the relationship of food production in a network or mapping. He also put forward the concept of exchange of entitlement which on my understanding is the process of exchange for gathering of commodities, or producing them, and the purpose that defines the alternative set of bundles that the person can command in exchange for each of
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Essential Features of Human Development

Essential Features of Human Development

Cyl Bryan A. Bagadiong, International Relations, Meiji University Graduate School of Governance Studies

The elaborate discussions of Human Development (HD) Strategy as proffered in the paper begin with the question whether HD is an end or means of development. HD is a method to attain the potential of the people by using and improving their capabilities, and by necessary implication, this means the empowerment of the people to enable them to participate actively in their own development. HD is also a means, for in the process of attaining the objective, it is necessary that their skills, capabilities, potentials, productivity, knowledge and inventiveness be also enhanced. This is done through the progression of formation of human capital. HD is therefore a people-centered strategy of development as opposed to good-centered or production centered strategy usually banked upon in ordinary economic development strategies.

            A development anchored on people-centered strategy raises the question on
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Analysis of International Trade and Finance of Philippines

Cyl Bryan A. Bagadiong, Developmental Economics, Meiji University Graduate School of Governance Studies

(Insert Tables, Charts and Diagrams for Trade Data as shown in US dollars. Use the exchange rate of Average of Period, and convert them into domestic currency, Bop OVERTIME, cAPITAL aCCOUNT, Cash Account , and Over All Balance)

The Philippines’ 1983 to 2006 Balance of Payment, a systematic summary of its economic transactions to the rest of the world, reflects the country’s ever changing economic policy experimentations and inconsistencies. It also reflects how various internal and external factors affect its economy, thus reflecting a “boom and bust” trend as shown in Chart A below. Also, it explains the country’s quality, or lack thereof, of economic development.

The overall Balance of Payment (BoP) does not show any trend to derive a sound projection as shown by the blue bar in the below-mentioned chart, albeit, it can be seen that there were more blue bar that can be counted above the zero line. This means more incidences of surplus, as compared to incidence of deficit and balance. From 1983 to 1989, the BoP showed a picture registering
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“ACT for Peace”: Operationalizing the Human Security Concept

Cyl Bryan A. Bagadiong, Meiji University Graduate School of Governance Studies

 I.       Introduction

In recent years, the concept of national security has evolved from the previous state-centered national security to people-centered human security. It radically shifted its paradigm from the treat to territorial integrity to the seven threats comprising the twin freedoms - freedom from fear and freedom from want. In the course of various discourses regarding the concept of human security, various permutations of its definition had come up - from the original process of protecting the core of human lives (UNDP 1998) to a more comprehensive definition of process of securitization (Ray May 2006).

But critiques of the concept still abounds contesting and pondering whether the human security concept is nothing but a pure rhetoric. Thus, this paper came up with one objective: to determine whether or not Human Security Frameworks can be
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HUMAN SECURITY/DEVELOPMENT PROJECT NAME: “AHON PAMILYANG PINOY!”

Cyl Bryan A. Bagadiong, International Relations, Meiji University

CASE DESCRIPTION:

“Ahon” is a Filipino word which is a verb and means “to rise up from a submerged state” while “Pamilyang Pinoy” is a collective noun colloquially referring to a Filipino Family or Household (2 or more families in a house comprising the extended family such as grandparents of the children in the family). “Ahon Pamilyang Pinoy!”, means an exhortation to Filipino Families to rise from poverty.

In the Philippines, a POOR is an individual or a
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Human Security

By Cyl Bryan A. Bagadiong, International Relations

I.             INTRODUCTION

Globalization (Ogata, S. page 10, 2001) [i] and democratization (McRae, R., page 17, 2001)[ii]  brought radical changes to both the substantive and structural concept of human society. Today, nation and society are no longer confined and defined by territorial borders but are actually interdependent and intertwined with each other. Globalization and democratization processes incepted both opportunities and threats not only to the society of humans but more importantly to humans itself.

Along with this varied opportunities and threats that the processes had highlighted along; various institutions such as the United Nations (UN), Transnational Corporations (TNCs), Regional Entities and Civil Society Organizations responded differently but also with noted increased activities, more active involvements and more complex participation taking advantage of scientific development, institutional venues and information technologies available to the humans.

With these threats, the global society cannot afford fragmented and compartmentalized responses. For the response to be effective, it must be integrated – inclusive of issues on rights, security, humanitarian concerns and development – and with Human Security as objective.
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